Spectral interference is a common issue in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), which occurs when the absorption of the analyte is affected by other elements or compounds present in the sample matrix. This can lead to inaccurate results, and therefore, it is important to use methods for interference suppression. Here are some common methods used in AAS:
Wavelength Selection: The most straightforward method of interference suppression is to select an appropriate wavelength that is not affected by any spectral interferences.
Chemical Modification: Adding a chemical modifier to the sample can alter the physical and chemical properties of the analyte, which reduces or eliminates spectral interferences.
Standard Addition Method: This method involves adding known amounts of the analyte to the sample until there is no further increase in absorbance. This helps correct for any spectral interferences.
Background Correction: In this method, a background measurement is taken without any sample present, and this measurement is subtracted from the final absorbance reading of the sample.
Matrix Matching: By preparing a calibration standard with a similar matrix as that of the sample, matrix effects can be reduced, thus minimizing spectral interference.
Zeeman Effect Correction: For certain elements such as mercury or cadmium, their atomic absorption spectra are split into two components due to a magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet placed around the flame burner head. These split components allow for correction for potential interferences.
In conclusion, several techniques exist for correcting for spectral interferences in AAS analysis including wavelength selection, chemical modification, standard addition method, background correction, matrix matching and Zeeman effect correction among others depending on element-specific analytical challenges encountered during analysis .
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