In this study, a substantial cohort of 3635 participants (1496 males and 2149 females over the age of 30) were meticulously examined for their periodontal attachment status at baseline. The mean age of participants was found to be 56 years old (standard deviation [SD]: 10.2936), while the average Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined to be 30.7 kg/m² (SD: 7.1957). These subjects were then stratified into four groups based on their periodontal attachment status for further analysis of serum Klotho levels - one group comprised individuals with normal periodontal attachment (n=463), while the remaining three groups represented those with progressive periodontal attachment loss (Q2: n=1253, Q3: n=994, Q4: n=925). The clinical characteristics of the participants at baseline are presented in Table 1. Notably, consistent with prior research findings, severe periodontal attachment loss was more prevalent among men, Mexican Americans, Non-Hispanic Blacks, and individuals with lower educational attainment; conversely, women tended to belong to Non-Hispanic Whites and have a college degree or higher [34]. To account for potential confounding factors such as Poverty Income Ratio (PIR), gender, race/ethnicity, BMI and education level, multiple linear regression models were employed in further analyses exploring the association between periodontal attachment loss and serum Klotho levels as well as age.
