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y Male, 38 years old, admitted to the hospital 2 hours after a car accident resulting in left thigh compression injury and left middle and lower femur fracture. When admitted, the complexion was pale, the limbs were wet and cold, the pulse was wea...

  1. The patient was in shock upon admission, as indicated by pale complexion, cold and wet limbs, weak pulse, indifferent expression, low blood pressure (85.3Kpa), high heart rate (140 beats per minute), and rapid breathing (28 breaths per minute). These are typical signs of shock.

  2. The patient did experience hypoxia upon admission. This is likely to be hypoxic hypoxia due to inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues caused by factors such as reduced blood volume and decreased cardiac output.

  3. The postoperative restoration of normal blood volume and blood pressure but decreased urine output may be due to fluid overload during surgery leading to physiological response of reduced urine output. This can also be exacerbated by stress response and medications used during surgery affecting renal function.

  4. On the fourth day after surgery, the patient experienced sudden difficulty breathing with crackling sounds in both lung bases. This indicates respiratory failure, likely due to hypoxic respiratory failure as evidenced by low PaO2 (6.65 Kpa or 50mmHg) on blood gas analysis.

  5. The patient does have electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders. High potassium levels (K+17.8mmol/L) indicate hyperkalemia while elevated creatinine levels (2400mmol/L) suggest metabolic acidosis possibly due to impaired kidney function or increased nitrogen load causing elevated urea nitrogen levels (18mmol/L).


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