To determine the viability of HeLa cells, we employed the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay (Dojindo, Japan). Initially, HeLa cells were seeded into 96-well plates and allowed to incubate for 24 hours. The concentration of HCQ used for CCK-8 analysis was set at 40 μM/L. Following treatment with HCQ, we added 10 μL of CCK-8 to each well and incubated the plates for an hour at 37°C in darkness. We measured the absorption at 450 nm using a microplate reader (Bio-Rad, USA). Data were collected from four wells per group and averaged accordingly.
