The objective of this research was to explore the hypoglycemic impact of CMPs on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice, while investigating its associated mechanism from the perspective of gut microbiota and metabolites. The administration of CMPs effectively mitigated weight loss, polydipsia, and polyphagia symptoms, reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), improved insulin resistance and sensitivity, and restored the serum hormone levels, LPS, lipid metabolic rate, and tissue damage. Additionally, the intervention by CMPs significantly reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM mice by reducing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Allobaculum, Clostridium, and Shigella as well as the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio while increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Blautia. Metabolomic analysis identified 84 distinct metabolites between T2DM and CMP-treated groups that participated in three pathways: Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; Phenylalanine metabolism; and Linoleic acid metabolism. Ureidopropionic acid, pantothenic acid, hippuric acid, hydrocinnamic acid and linoleic acid were identified as key acidic metabolites closely related to hypoglycemic effects. Correlation analysis showed that CMP’s hypoglycemic effect was likely due to alterations in gut microbiota resulting in SCFA production along with acidic metabolites. These findings suggest that CMPs could serve as a suitable nutritional supplement for T2DM intervention.
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