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Crystal growth from nanoscale constituents is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biology, geology and materials science. Numerous studies have focused on understanding the onset of nucleation and on producing high-quality crystals by empirically sampling ...

Crystal growth from nanoscale constituents is a common process in biology, geology and materials science. However, the kinetics of post-nucleation growth processes have remained underexplored due to experimental challenges associated with real-space imaging at the nanoscale. In this study, researchers used liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy to image crystal growth of nanoparticles of different shapes, tracking individual particles to observe lateral and perpendicular growth of crystal layers. The researchers found that nanoscale systems exhibit both layer-by-layer growth and rough growth modes. The lateral and perpendicular growth modes can be independently controlled, resulting in two mixed crystallization modes that have received little attention until now. The size and shape of building blocks determine these growth patterns, which could lead to novel pathways for crystal engineering across four orders of magnitude in particle size.

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