在 VS Code 中编写 tasks.json
文件后,可以用于运行构建任务(例如编译、打包等),但仅靠 tasks.json
并不能直接实现调试。调试需要另外配置 launch.json
文件来定义调试器行为。以下是具体说明和步骤:
1. tasks.json
的作用
- 定义构建任务:例如编译代码(如用
gcc
、clang
编译 C++,或用make
、cmake
构建项目)。 - 预处理或后处理任务:如清理文件、运行脚本等。
- 可通过快捷键或命令触发(例如
Ctrl+Shift+B
运行默认构建任务)。
2. 调试所需的配置
- 必须配置
launch.json
:该文件告诉 VS Code 如何启动调试器(如GDB
、LLDB
),如何关联到可执行文件,以及是否需要前置任务(例如先编译)。 - 示例:C++ 调试配置(需安装扩展如
C/C++
){ "version": "0.2.0", "configurations": [ { "name": "Debug C++ Program", "type": "cppdbg", "request": "launch", "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/my_app", // 可执行文件路径 "args": [], // 命令行参数 "preLaunchTask": "build", // 调试前先运行 tasks.json 中的 "build" 任务 "environment": [], "externalConsole": false } ] }
- 关键字段:
preLaunchTask
: 指定调试前要运行的任务(需与tasks.json
中定义的label
一致)。
3. 完整流程:配置运行+调试
步骤1:配置 tasks.json
(示例:编译 C++)
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"label": "build", // 任务名称,用于 launch.json 调用
"type": "shell",
"command": "g++",
"args": [
"-g", // 生成调试信息
"${file}",
"-o",
"${workspaceFolder}/build/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
},
"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"]
}
]
}
步骤2:配置 launch.json
- 按
F5
或点击“运行和调试”侧边栏图标,VS Code 会提示创建launch.json
。 - 选择环境(如
C++ (GDB/LLDB)
),然后修改配置如下:
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "(gdb) Launch",
type: cppdbg,
request: launch,
program: ${workspaceFolder}/build/${fileBasenameNoExtension},
args: [],
preLaunchTask: build, // 与 tasks.json中的 label一致
stopAtEntry: false,
cwd: ${workspaceFolder},
environment: [],
externalConsole: false,
MIMode: gdb,
setupCommands: [
{ description Enable pretty-printing, text: -enable-pretty-printing, ignoreFailures: true }
]
}
}
Step3:使用方式
- 仅运行构建任务:
Ctrl+Shift+B
(编译代码,生成可执行文件)。
- 启动调试:
- Press F5 → Automatically trigger the preLaunchTask (e.g., compile first), then start debugging (breakpoints, variable viewing, etc.).
Four common problems and solutions
- If the preLaunchTask fails (e.g., compilation error), the debug will be interrupted. 2.The path in program must match the actual executable file path generated by the task. 3.Make sure to install the necessary debugger extensions (e.g., C/C++ extension for C++). 4.If you use CMake/make, you can configure tasks to call these tools instead of directly using g++.
In summary:
- tasks.json is responsible for compiling/running tasks.
- launch.json is responsible for debugging.
- The two can be linked through preLaunchTask to achieve one-click compilation and debugging.
Hope this helps you configure smoothly!
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