go 语言根据下面定义实现红黑树, 并实现插入、删除、前种后序遍历方法 // 红黑树节点的颜色 const ( red bool = false black bool = true ) // Node 节点结构体 type Node struct { value interface{} // 节点值 color bool // 节点颜色 left *Node // 左子节点 right *Node // 右子节点 par...-Go服务器开发

由于红黑树的实现比较复杂，需要考虑很多情况，因此在这里只提供伪代码演示。

插入操作：

func (t *RBTree) Insert(value interface{}) {

node := &Node{value: value, color: red}
if t.root == nil {
	t.root = node
} else {
	parent := t.root // 从根节点开始查找插入位置
	for {
		if node.value < parent.value {
			if parent.left == nil {
				parent.left = node
				node.parent = parent
				break
			}
			parent = parent.left
		} else {
			if parent.right == nil {
				parent.right = node
				node.parent = parent
				break
			}
			parent = parent.right
		}
	}
	t.insertFixup(node) // 插入后进行修复
}

}

func (t *RBTree) insertFixup(node *Node) {

for node.parent != nil && node.parent.color == red { // 父节点存在且为红色时继续修复
	if node.parent == node.parent.parent.left { // 父节点为祖父节点的左子节点
		uncle := node.parent.parent.right // 叔叔节点
		if uncle != nil && uncle.color == red { // Case 1: 叔叔节点为红色
			node.parent.color = black
			uncle.color = black
			node.parent.parent.color = red
			node = node.parent.parent
		} else { // Case 2/3: 叔叔节点为黑色
			if node == node.parent.right { // Case 2: 新节点为父节点的右子节点
				node = node.parent
				t.leftRotate(node)
			}
			// Case 3: 新节点为父节点的左子节点
			node.parent.color = black
			node.parent.parent.color = red
			t.rightRotate(node.parent.parent)
		}
	} else { // 父节点为祖父节点的右子节点，与上面类似但是左右反转
		uncle := node.parent.parent.left
		if uncle != nil && uncle.color == red {
			node.parent.color = black
			uncle.color = black
			node.parent.parent.color = red
			node = node.parent.parent
		} else {
			if node == node.parent.left {
				node = node.parent
				t.rightRotate(node)
			}
			node.parent.color = black
			node.parent.parent.color = red
			t.leftRotate(node.parent.parent)
		}
	}
}
t.root.color = black // 根节点总是黑色

}

删除操作：

func (t *RBTree) Delete(value interface{}) {

node := t.searchNode(t.root, value)
if node == nil {
	return
}
var child *Node
var color bool
if node.left == nil { // 左子树为空或只有一个右子节点
	child = node.right
	t.transplant(node, node.right)
} else if node.right == nil { // 右子树为空或只有一个左子节点
	child = node.left
	t.transplant(node, node.left)
} else { // 左右子树均不为空
	successor := t.minimumNode(node.right) // 找到右子树的最小节点
	color = successor.color
	child = successor.right
	if successor.parent == node { // 后继节点是待删除节点的右子节点
		child.parent = successor
	} else {
		t.transplant(successor, successor.right)
		successor.right = node.right
		successor.right.parent = successor
	}
	t.transplant(node, successor)
	successor.left = node.left
	successor.left.parent = successor
	successor.color = node.color
}
if color == black { // 如果删除的是黑色节点，则需要修复
	t.deleteFixup(child)
}

}

func (t *RBTree) deleteFixup(node *Node) {

for node != t.root && node.color == black {
	if node == node.parent.left { // 被删除节点为父节点的左子节点
		sibling := node.parent.right // 兄弟节点
		if sibling.color == red { // Case 1: 兄弟节点为红色
			sibling.color = black
			node.parent.color = red
			t.leftRotate(node.parent)
			sibling = node.parent.right
		}
		if sibling.left.color == black && sibling.right.color == black { // Case 2: 兄弟节点和兄弟节点的子节点均为黑色
			sibling.color = red
			node = node.parent
		} else {
			if sibling.right.color == black { // Case 3: 兄弟节点为黑色，兄弟节点的右子节点为黑色，兄弟节点的左子节点为红色
				sibling.left.color = black
				sibling.color = red
				t.rightRotate(sibling)
				sibling = node.parent.right
			}
			// Case 4: 兄弟节点为黑色，兄弟节点的右子节点为红色
			sibling.color = node.parent.color
			node.parent.color = black
			sibling.right.color = black
			t.leftRotate(node.parent)
			node = t.root // 跳出循环
		}
	} else { // 被删除节点为父节点的右子节点，与上面类似但是左右反转
		sibling := node.parent.left
		if sibling.color == red {
			sibling.color = black
			node.parent.color = red
			t.rightRotate(node.parent)
			sibling = node.parent.left
		}
		if sibling.left.color == black && sibling.right.color == black {
			sibling.color = red
			node = node.parent
		} else {
			if sibling.left.color == black {
				sibling.right.color = black
				sibling.color = red
				t.leftRotate(sibling)
				sibling = node.parent.left
			}
			sibling.color = node.parent.color
			node.parent.color = black
			sibling.left.color = black
			t.rightRotate(node.parent)
			node = t.root
		}
	}
}
node.color = black

}

前序遍历：

func (t *RBTree) PreorderTraversal() []interface{} {

var values []interface{}
var preorder func(node *Node)
preorder = func(node *Node) {
	if node != nil {
		values = append(values, node.value)
		preorder(node.left)
		preorder(node.right)
	}
}
preorder(t.root)
return values

}

中序遍历：

func (t *RBTree) InorderTraversal() []interface{} {

var values []interface{}
var inorder func(node *Node)
inorder = func(node *Node) {
	if node != nil {
		inorder(node.left)
		values = append(values, node.value)
		inorder(node.right)
	}
}
inorder(t.root)
return values

}

后序遍历：

func (t *RBTree) PostorderTraversal() []interface{} {

var values []interface{}
var postorder func(node *Node)
postorder = func(node *Node) {
	if node != nil {
		postorder(node.left)
		postorder(node.right)
		values = append(values, node.value)
	}
}
postorder(t.root)
return values

}