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Ciliates move by cilia. What are the structures that compose their cytoskeleton? [1 mark]

The cytoskeleton of ciliates is composed of three main structures:

  1. Microtubules: These are hollow, cylindrical structures made up of tubulin proteins. Microtubules provide structural support and serve as tracks for the movement of organelles and vesicles within the cell. In ciliates, microtubules form the axoneme, which is the core structure of cilia.

  2. Microfilaments: Also known as actin filaments, microfilaments are thin, solid fibers composed of actin protein. They play a crucial role in cell shape maintenance, contraction, and cellular movements such as crawling or squeezing during cell division.

  3. Intermediate Filaments: Intermediate filaments are relatively stable and fibrous proteins that provide mechanical strength to cells and help anchor organelles in place. In ciliates, intermediate filaments contribute to maintaining the overall structural integrity of the cell.

These three components work together to support cellular shape, motility, and internal organization in ciliates by forming a dynamic cytoskeletal network.


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