gorilla/mux 实例-Go服务器开发

以下是一个使用 Gorilla/mux 路由库的完整 Go 语言示例，包含常见的路由配置、中间件和 RESTful API 实现：

1. 安装 Gorilla/mux

go get -u github.com/gorilla/mux

2. 基础示例代码

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"time"

	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
)

// 定义数据结构
type Book struct {
	ID     string `json:"id"`
	Title  string `json:"title"`
	Author string `json:"author"`
}

var books = []Book{
	{ID: "1", Title: "Go Programming", Author: "John Doe"},
	{ID: "2", Title: "Advanced Go", Author: "Jane Smith"},
}

// 日志中间件
func loggingMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		log.Printf("[%s] %s %s", time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"), r.Method, r.URL.Path)
		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}

// GET /books - 获取所有书籍
func getBooks(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(books)
}

// GET /books/{id} - 获取单个书籍
func getBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	params := mux.Vars(r)
	for _, item := range books {
		if item.ID == params["id"] {
			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(item)
			return
		}
	}
	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
	fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"error": "Book not found"}`)
}

// POST /books - 创建新书籍
func createBook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var book Book
	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&book); err != nil {
        w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
        fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"error": "Invalid request body"}`)
        return
    }
    books = append(books, book)
    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(book)
}

func main() {
	r := mux.NewRouter()

    // 静态文件服务（可选）
	r.PathPrefix("/static/").Handler(
        http.StripPrefix("/static/",
            http.FileServer(http.Dir("./static")),
    )

    // API路由配置
	r.HandleFunc("/books", getBooks).Methods("GET")
	r.HandleFunc("/books/{id}", getBook).Methods("GET")
	r.HandleFunc("/books", createBook).Methods("POST")

    // CORS中间件（可选）
	r.Use(mux.CORSMethodMiddleware(r))
	r.Use(loggingMiddleware)

    // 启动服务器
	log.Println("Server started on :8080")
	log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", r))
}

关键功能说明

动态路由
”`go /books/{id} //通过mux.Vars®获取参数
HTTP方法限制
”`go .Methods(“GET”) //显式指定允许的方法
中间件链
- loggingMiddleware：记录请求日志
- CORSMethodMiddleware：自动处理跨域请求
RESTful API设计
- GET /books → 列表查询
- GET /books/{id} → 单条查询
- POST /books → 创建资源
静态文件服务
”`go PathPrefix(“/static/”).Handler(…)

测试方式

获取所有书籍
”`bash curl http://localhost:8080/books
获取单个书籍
”`bash curl http://localhost:8080/books/1
创建新书籍
”`bash curl -X POST -H “Content-Type: application/json”
-d ‘{“id”:“3”,“title”:“New Book”,“author”:“Anonymous”}’
http://localhost:8080/books